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Reconfigurable Photonic Circuits

Research Area: Large-scale Photonic Integration

Main Researcher: Wim Bogaerts

Programmable PICs consists of a mesh of optical waveguides which are coupled together using tunable couplers that can be electrically controlled. Our initial demonstration, the first programmable PIC in silicon photonics, was a simple 4x4 beam coupler that could map 4 inputs onto 4 outputs in any arbitrary linear combination. Such ‘forward-only’ circuits are especially useful in applications that require accelerated matrix operations, such as neural networks and quantum computing. But they are limited when it comes to more advanced functions such as the construction of optical wavelength filters.

Therefore we switched to ‘recirculating’ meshes, where the light can be routed in loops. We study different connectivity schemes for such meshes, and how accurately they need to be controlled to avoid unwanted effects due to unwanted waveguide paths. Because all elements on the photonic chip need to be electrically controlled, we are building an electrical layer based on commercial FPGAs that allows us to digitally control a large number of the on-chip heaters which are used to tune the couplers. Our custom-designed heaters in IMEC’s silicon Photonics Platform allow us to use matrix addressing, drastically reducing the number of electrical connections needed to drive hundreds of tuners on our chip.

Different technology aspects of a programmable photonic chip
Different technology aspects of a programmable photonic chip

Our chip consists of a hexagonal waveguide mesh of 49 ‘cores’, and is capable of handling up to 16 optical fibers as either inputs or outputs, but it also sports 4 high-speed microwave inputs and 8 microwave outputs. This chip now serves as a platform to develop the higher levels of control circuits and configuration algorithms which we have developed, such as routing multiple light paths simultaneously, or distribution trees.

Out 49-core programmable PIC
Out 49-core programmable PIC

We want to program our circuit for multiple applications, like a spectrometer or switch. With its built-in modulators and detectors it can function as an optical transmitter or receiver circuit, or even a microwave signal processor.
In parallel, we are looking to alternative architectures and tuning mechanisms that will allow us to eliminate the heaters we currently use for the tunable couplers and phase shifters. These are very power-hungry. One promising alternative approach is the integration of liquid crystals on the surface of the silicon chip, or micro-electromechanical actuators (MEMS)
Even when we are only starting to use our second-generation chip, we are already planning the design and fabrication of the next generation chip, where we intend to scale up the complexity and look into new circuit architectures. These architectures implemented in silicon photonics, with power-efficient tuners, electronic drivers, control algorithms and programming strategies, form complete technology stack. This way, we are laying the foundation for an ecosystem that will enable a future with off-the-shelf multifunctional programmable PICs.

The ecosystem for programmable PICs
The ecosystem for programmable PICs

Other people involved:

Related Research Projects

PhD thesises

Publications

    International Journals

  1. X. Wang, F. Vanden Kerchove, R. Raikar, M. Pickavet, W. Bogaerts, D. Stroobandt, A Novel Connection-based Multicasting Router for Programmable Photonic Circuits, accepted for publication in Journal of Lightwave Technologies,  (to be published).
  2. F. Vanden Kerchove, D. Colle, W. Tavernier, W. Bogaerts, M. Pickavet, Routing Impact of Architecture and Damage in Programmable Photonic Meshes, Photonics Research, 12(9), p.1999-2011 doi:10.1364/PRJ.523986 (2024)  Download this Publication (1.6MB).
  3. Z. Goa, X. Chen, Z. Zhang, U. Chakraborty, W. Bogaerts, D. Boning, Gradient-Based Power Efficient Functional Synthesis for Programmable Photonic Circuits, Journal of Lightwave Technologies, 42(17), p.5956-5965 doi:10.1109/JLT.2024.3400942 (2024)  Download this Publication (3MB).
  4. Z. Goa, X. Chen, Z. Zhang, C.-Y. Lai, U. Chakraborty, W. Bogaerts, D.S. Boning, Provable Routing Analysis of Programmable Photonic Circuits, Journal of Lightwave Technologies, 42(14), p.49064917 doi:10.1109/JLT.2024.3385338 (2024)  Download this Publication (2.7MB).
  5. W. Bogaerts, Programmable Photonics, Optics and Photonics News (invited), 35(3), p.34-41 doi:10.1364/OPN.35.3.000034 (2024)  Download this Publication (1.2MB).
  6. S. Shekhar, W. Bogaerts, L. Chrostowski, J.E. Bowers, M. Hochberg, R. Soref, B.J. Shastri, Silicon Photonics -- Roadmapping the Next Generation, Nature Communications (invited), 15(1), p.article 751 (15 pages) doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44750-0 (2024).
  7. H. Deng, J. Zhang, E. Soltanian, X. Chen, C. Pang, N. Vaissiere, D. Neel, J. Ramirez, J. Decobert, N. Singh, G. Torfs, G. Roelkens, W. Bogaerts, Single-Chip Silicon Photonic Processor for Analog Optical and Microwave Signals, Archived.(2023).
  8. F. Vanden Kerchove, X. Chen, D. Colle, W. Tavernier, W. Bogaerts, M. Pickavet, An Automated Router with Optical Resource Adaptation, Journal of Lightwave Technologies, 41(18), p.5807-5819 doi:10.1109/JLT.2023.3275385 (2023)  Download this Publication (3.1MB).
  9. Z. Gao, X. Chen, Z. Zhang, U. Chakraborty, W. Bogaerts, D. Boning, Automatic Synthesis of Light Processing Functions for Programmable Photonics: Theory and Realization, Photonics Research, 11(4), p.643-658 doi:10.1364/PRJ.474606 (2023)  Download this Publication (4.3MB).
  10. L. Van Iseghem, E. Picavet, A.Y. Takabayashi, P. Edinger, U. Khan, P. Verheyen, N. Quack , K. B. Gylfason, K. De Buysser, J. Beeckman, W. Bogaerts, Low power optical phase shifter using liquid crystal actuation on silicon photonics platform, Optical Materials Express, 12(6), p.2181-2198 doi:10.1364/OME.457589 (2022)  Download this Publication (49.5MB).
  11. M. Wang, X. Chen, U. Khan, W. Bogaerts, Programmable wavelength filter with double ring loaded MZI, Scientific Reports, 12, p.1482 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04598-6 (2022)  Download this Publication (3.2MB).
  12. X. Guo, Y. Liu, T. Yin, B. Morrison, M. Pagani, O. Dauley, W. Bogaerts, B.J. Eggleton, A. Casas-Bedoya, D. Marpaung, Versatile silicon microwave photonic spectral shaper , APL Photonics, 6(3), p.036106  doi:10.1063/5.0033516 (2021)  Download this Publication (5.9MB).
  13. W. Bogaerts, D. Perez, J. Capmany, D.A.B. Miller, J. Poon, D. Englund, F. Morichetti, A. Melloni, Programmable Photonic Circuits, Nature (invited), 586(7828), p.207-216 doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2764-0 (2020).
  14. D. Brunner, A. Marandi, W. Bogaerts, A. Ozcan, Editorial: Photonics for computing and computing for photonics, Nanophotonics (invited), 9(13), p.4053-4054 doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0470 (2020)  Download this Publication (136KB).
  15. H. Sattari, A.Y. Takabayashi, Y. Zhang, P. Verheyen, W. Bogaerts, N. Quack, Compact broadband suspended silicon photonic directional coupler, Optics Letters, 45(11), p.2997-3000 doi:10.1364/OL.394470 (2020)  Download this Publication (1MB).
  16. X. Chen, P. Stroobant, M. Pickavet, W. Bogaerts, Graph Representations for Programmable Photonic Circuits, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 38(15), p.4009-4018 doi:10.1109/JLT.2020.2984990 (2020)  Download this Publication (3.6MB).
  17. W. Bogaerts, A. Rahim, Programmable Photonics: An Opportunity for an Accessible Large-Volume PIC Ecosystem, IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (invited), 26(5), p.8302517 doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2020.2982980 (2020)  Download this Publication (4.5MB).
  18. A. Ribeiro, S. Declercq, U. Khan, M. Wang, L. Van Iseghem, W. Bogaerts, Column-row addressing of thermo-optic phase shifters for controlling large silicon photonic circuits, IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 26(5), p.6100708 (8 pages) doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2020.2975669 (2020)  Download this Publication (3.3MB).
  19. M. Wang, A. Ribeiro, Y. Xing, W. Bogaerts, Tolerant, Broadband Tunable 2x2 Coupler Circuit, Optics Express, 28(4), p.5555-5566 doi:10.1364/OE.384018 (2020)  Download this Publication (3MB).
  20. N. Quack, H. Sattari, A.Y. Takabayashi, Y. Zhang, P. Verheyen, W. Bogaerts, P. Edinger, C. Errando-Herranz, K.B Gylfason, MEMS-enabled Silicon Photonic Integrated Devices and Circuits, Journal of Quantum Electronics (invited), 56(1), p.8400210 doi:10.1109/JQE.2019.2946841 (2020)  Download this Publication (3.6MB).
  21. I. Zand, W. Bogaerts, Effects of Coupling and Phase Imperfections in Programmable Photonic Hexagonal Waveguide Meshes, Photonics Research, 8(2), p.211-218 doi:10.1364/PRJ.376227 (2020)  Download this Publication (2.1MB).
  22. A. Li, W. Bogaerts, Reconfigurable nonlinear nonreciprocal transmission in a silicon photonic integrated circuit, Optica, 7(1), p.7-14 doi:10.1364/OPTICA.7.000007 (2020)  Download this Publication (3.4MB).
  23. H. Deng, W. Bogaerts, Pure phase modulation based on a silicon plasma dispersion modulator, Optics Express, 27(19), p.27191-27201 doi:10.1364/OE.27.027191 (2019)  Download this Publication (8.3MB).
  24. A. Li, W. Bogaerts, Using backscattering and backcoupling in silicon ring resonators as a new degree of design freedom, Lasers & Photonics Reviews, p.1800244 (18 pages) doi:10.1002/lpor.201800244 (2019)  Download this Publication (3.5MB).
  25. F. Laporte, J. Dambre, P. Bienstman, Highly parallel simulation and optimization of photonic circuits in time and frequency domain based on the deep-learning framework PyTorch, Scientific Reports, 9(1), p.5918 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42408-2 (2019)  Download this Publication (1.3MB).
  26. A.H. Safavi-Naeini, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, R. Van Laer, Controlling phonons and photons at the wavelength scale: integrated photonics meets integrated phononics, Optica (invited), 6(2), p.213 doi:10.1364/OPTICA.6.000213 (2019)  Download this Publication (2.2MB).
  27. A. Li, W. Bogaerts, Backcoupling manipulation in silicon ring resonators, Photonics Research, 6(6), p.620-629 doi:10.1364/PRJ.6.000620 (2018)  Download this Publication (2.6MB).
  28. A. Ribeiro, W. Bogaerts, Digitally controlled multiplexed silicon photonics phase shifter using heaters with integrated diodes, Optics Express, 25, doi:10.1364/OE.25.029778 (2017)  Download this Publication (4.1MB).
  29. A. Li, W. Bogaerts, An actively controlled silicon ring resonator with a fully tunable Fano Resonance, APL Photonics, 2(9), p.1-5 doi:10.1063/1.5000514 (2017)  Download this Publication (9.8MB).
  30. A. Li, W. Bogaerts, Fundamental Suppression of Backscattering in Silicon Microrings, Optics Express, 25(3), p.2092-2099 doi:10.1364/OE.25.002092 (2017)  Download this Publication (2.5MB).
  31. A. Ribeiro, A. Ruocco, L. Van Acker, W. Bogaerts, Demonstration of a 4x4-port universal linear circuit, Optica, 3(12), p.1348-1357 doi:10.1364/OPTICA.3.001348 (2016)  Download this Publication (2MB).
      International Conferences

    1. Y. Zhang, H. Deng, W. Bogaerts, Pure phase modulation of a PN-junction traveling wave modulator circuit, IEEE Photonics Conference, Italy, p.MD3.3 (2024).
    2. W. Bogaerts, Tutorial: Programmable Photonic Circuits, IEEE Photonics Conference (invited), Italy, p.TuD2.1 (2024).
    3. W. Bogaerts, Programmable Photonics, International Symposium on Silicon Based Optoelectronics (invited), China, p.14 (2024)  Download this Publication (398KB).
    4. Y. Fang, H. Deng, X. Chen, H. Cuma, K.P. Nagarjun, F. Ferraro, G. Lepage, P. De Heyn, W. Bogaerts, Comparison of thermo-optic phase shifters in imec, European Conference on Integrated Optics, Germany, (2024)  Download this Publication (1.4MB).
    5. W. Bogaerts, Programmable Photonics, Norwegian Electro-Optics Meeting (invited), Norway, (2024)  Download this Publication (450KB).
    6. Y. Zhang, X. Chen, L. Van Iseghem, I. Zand, H. Salmanian, W. Bogaerts, A compact programmable silicon photonic circuit, 2024 IEEE Silicon Photonics Conference (SiPhotonics), Japan, p.10543870 doi:10.1109/SiPhotonics60897.2024.10543870 (2024)  Download this Publication (4.6MB).
    7. W. Bogaerts, H. Deng, X. Chen, L. Van Iseghem, I. Zand, Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, A. Al Haffar, P. Edinger, G. Jo, A.Y. Takabayashi, C. Antony, A. Mallik Kumar, J. Zhang, E. Soltanian, P. Verheyen, J. Beeckman, G. Roelkens, N. Quack, F. Niklaus, K.B. Gylfason, U. Khan, Building general-purpose programmable photonic chips: opportunities and challenges, SPIE Photonics West - OPTO (invited), 12890, United States, p.12890-55 doi:10.1117/12.3009922 (2024)  Download this Publication (329KB).
    8. W. Bogaerts, Scaling to large silicon photonic circuits in the PHORMIC project, European Conference on Optical Communication (invited), Germany, (2023).
    9. W. Bogaerts, Large-Scale Programmable Silicon Photonic Circuits, Frontiers in Optics (invited), United States, p.FM6D.1 (2023).
    10. H. Deng, W. Bogaerts, Integrated Reconfigurable Modulator for Microwave Photonic Filtering, The 2023 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, China, doi:10.1109/MWP58203.2023.10416589 (2023)  Download this Publication (1.9MB).
    11. H. Deng, E. Soltanian, J. Zhang, G. Roelkens, W. Bogaerts, Wavelength Converter using Micro Transfer-Printed Optical Amplifiers on a Full SiPh Platform, 2023 IEEE Silicon Photonics Conference (SiPhotonics), United States, doi:10.1109/SiPhotonics55903.2023.10141958 (2023)  Download this Publication (969KB).
    12. W. Bogaerts, K. Nagarjun, L. Van Iseghem, X. Chen, H. Deng, I. Zand, Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, A.Y. Takabayashi, H. Sattari, N. Quack, P. Edinger, G. Jo, S.J. Bleiker, K.B. Gylfason, F. Niklaus, A. Kumar Mallik, M. Jezzini, C. Antony, G. Talli, P. Verheyen, J. Beeckman, U. Khan, Scaling Programmable Silicon Photonic Circuits, SPIE Photonics West OPTO (invited), 12426, United States, p.12426-1 doi:10.1117/12.2647293 (2023)  Download this Publication (31.4MB).
    13. U. Khan, I. Zand, L. Van Iseghem, P. Edinger, G. Jo, S. J. Bleiker, A. Y. Takabayashi, C. Antony, M. Jezzini, G. Talli, H. Sattari, J. Lee, A. K. Mallik, P. Verheyen, C. Lerma Arce, M. Garcia, T. Jonuzi, E. Picavet, K. Nagarjun, J. Watte, N. Quack, F. Niklaus, K. De Buysser, J. Beekman, W. Bogaerts, Low power actuators for programmable photonic processors, SPIE Photonics West OPTO (invited), 12438, United States, p.124380K  doi:10.1117/12.2647371 (2023)  Download this Publication (31.6MB).
    14. Z. Gao, X. Chen, Z. Zhang, U. Chakraborty, W. Bogaerts, D. Boning, Automatic Realization of Light Processing Functions for Programmable Photonics, IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), Canada, doi:10.1109/IPC53466.2022.9975757 (2022)  Download this Publication (3MB).
    15. W. Bogaerts, Silicon Photonic Devices for Programmable Linear Circuitry, European Conference on Optical Communication (invited), Switzerland, (2022).
    16. N. Quack, A.Y. Takabayashi, H. Sattari, P. Edinger, G. Jo, Simon J. Bleiker, C. Errando-Herranz, K.B. Gylfason, F. Niklaus, U. Khan, P. Verheyen, A. Kumar Mallik, J.S. Lee, M. Jezzini, G. Talli, C. Antony, P. O'Brien, W. Bogaerts, Silicon Photonic MEMS for Efficient Scaling of Programmable Integrated Optics, Micro and Nano Engineering (invited), Belgium, (2022).
    17. F. Vanden Kerchove, X. Chen, D. Colle, W. Bogaerts, M. Pickavet, Adapting Routing Algorithms to Programmable Photonic Circuits, European Conference on Optical Communication, Switzerland, p.paper We5.19 (4 pages) (2022).
    18. H. Deng, W. Bogaerts, Configurable Modulator based Optical Carrier Frequency Suppressed Intensity Modulation, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, Mexico, p.MB2.3 doi:10.1109/SUM53465.2022.9858295 (2022)  Download this Publication (951KB).
    19. I. Zand, C. Antony, X. Chen, W. Bogaerts, Software Framework Architecture for Programmable Photonic Chips, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, Mexico, p.WB1.3 doi:10.1109/SUM53465.2022.9858236 (2022)  Download this Publication (1.1MB).
    20. X. Chen, W. Bogaerts, An Algorithm for Reconfigurable Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguides, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, Mexico, p.WB1.4 doi:10.1109/SUM53465.2022.9858266 (2022)  Download this Publication (1014KB).
    21. W. Bogaerts, X. Chen, H. Deng, L. Van Iseghem, M. Wang, I. Zand, Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, K. Nagarjun, U. Khan, Programmable Silicon Photonic Circuits, OptoElectronics and Communication Conference / International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (OECC / PSC) (invited), Japan, p.TuE4-1  doi:10.23919/OECC/PSC53152.2022.9849952 (2022)  Download this Publication (736KB).
    22. L. Van Iseghem, U. Khan, E. Picavet, A. Y. Takabayashi, P. Verheyen, N. Quack, K. De Buysser, J. Beeckman, W. Bogaerts, Low voltage tuning of ring resonator on a silicon photonics platform with local liquid crystal deposition, International Conference on Optical, Optoelectronic and Photonic Materials and Applications, (2022).
    23. U. Khan, I. Zand, P. Edinger, G. Jo, S. Bleiker, A. Y. Takabayashi, C. Antony, J. Lee, A. Kumar, P. Verheyen, C. Lerma Arce, T. Jonuzi, J. Watte, N. Quack, F. Niklaus, K. Gylfason, W. Bogaerts, Large scale programmable photonic circuits using silicon photonic MEMS, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (invited), United States, p.AM2C.5 doi:10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.AM2C.5 (2022)  Download this Publication (2MB).
    24. W. Bogaerts, Does the world need general-purpose programmable photonics?, European Conference on Integrated Optics (invited), Italy, p.F.E.1 (2022)  Download this Publication (1.5MB).
    25. W. Bogaerts, L. Van Iseghem, X. Chen, I. Zand, H. Deng, M. Wang, K.P. Nagarjun, U. Khan, Technologies for large-scale programmable photonic circuits, Progress in Electromagnetic Research (PIERS) (invited), China, (2022).
    26. U. Khan, I. Zand, P. Edinger, G. Jo, S. Bleiker, A. Y. Takabayashi, C. Antony, M. Jezzini, G. Talli, H. Sattari, J. Lee, A. Kumar, P. Verheyen, S. Kumar, C. Lerma Arce, M. Garcia, T. Jonuzi, J. Watte, N. Quack, F. Niklaus, K. Gylfason, W. Bogaerts, MORPHIC: MEMS enhanced silicon photonics for programmable circuits, SPIE Photonics Europe 2022, Proc. SPIE (invited), 121480, France, p.121480H doi:10.1117/12.2631231 (2022)  Download this Publication (44.7MB).
    27. M. Glick, W. Bogaerts, J. Capmany, J. Poon, Panel: Programmable Photonic Chips for Artificial Intelligence, Computing and Optical Networks, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, United States, p.M3B (2022)  Download this Publication (167KB).
    28. W. Bogaerts, A.Y. Takabayashi, P. Edinger, G. Jo, I. Zand, P. Verheyen, M. Jezzini, H. Sattari, G. Talli, C. Antony, M. Saei, C. Lerma-Arce, J. Lee, S. Kumar, M. Garcia, T. Jonuzi, K.B. Gylfason, N. Quack, F. Niklaus, U. Khan, Programmable Silicon Photonic Circuits powered by MEMS, SPIE Photonics West OPTO (invited), 12005, United States, p.12005-21 doi:10.1117/12.2614213 (2022)  Download this Publication (36.7MB).
    29. W. Bogaerts, L. Van Iseghem, X. Chen, I. Zand, H. Deng, M. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, K.P. Nagarjun, U. Khan, Programmable Silicon Photonic Circuits, International Symposium on Photonic and Electronic Convergence (ISPEC 2021) (invited), (2021).
    30. M. Wang, X. Chen, U. Khan, W. Bogaerts, Configuration and Optimization of a Programmable Coupled-Ring Loaded Mach-Zehnder Filter, IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, doi:10.1109/GFP51802.2021.9673819 (2021)  Download this Publication (887KB).
    31. H. Deng, W. Bogaerts, Configurable Phase/Amplitude Modulator Circuit based on Silicon Plasma, IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, Spain, doi:10.1109/GFP51802.2021.9673886 (2021)  Download this Publication (2.9MB).
    32. Y. Zhang, H. Deng, U. Khan, W. Bogaerts, Comparison between black box and gray box strategies for configuration of feedforward waveguide meshes, Annual Symposium of the IEEE Photonics Society Benelux Chapter, Belgium, p.Photonics_Integration.1 (2021)  Download this Publication (381KB).
    33. W. Bogaerts, L. Van Iseghem, M. Wang, H. Deng, X. Chen, I. Zand, K.P. Nagarjun, U. Khan, Programmable Photonic Circuits, SPIE Photonex (invited), United Kingdom, doi:10.1117/12.2600687 (2021).
    34. W. Bogaerts, L. Van Iseghem, M. Wang, H. Deng, I. Zand, X. Chen, K.P. Nagarjun, U. Khan, Programmable Silicon Photonics, International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (SSDM) (invited), p.E-2_01 (2021)  Download this Publication (1.1MB).
    35. W. Bogaerts, A.Y. Takabayashi, P. Edinger, I. Zand, G. Jo, H. Sattari, P. Verheyen, M.A. Jezzini, C. Antony, G. Talli, M. Saei, S. Kumar, C. Lerma Arce, M. Garcia Porcel, N. Quack, K.B. Gylfason, F. Niklaus, U. Khan, Programmable Photonic Circuits using Silicon Photonic MEMS, Advanced Photonics Congress (invited), p.IM2A.1 doi:10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IM2A.1 (2021)  Download this Publication (1.1MB).
    36. W. Bogaerts, M. Wang, X. Chen, H. Deng, I. Zand, L. Van Iseghem, K.P. Nagarjun, U. Khan, General-Purpose Programmable Photonic Chips, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals (invited), p.WB2.1 doi:10.1109/SUM48717.2021.9505805 (2021)  Download this Publication (1.7MB).
    37. W. Bogaerts, Tutorial: Programmable Photonics, Optical Fiber Communication Conference (invited), p.Tu1K.1 (2021)  Download this Publication (16.4MB).
    38. W. Bogaerts, L. Van Iseghem, P. Edinger, H. Sattari, A.Y. Takabayashi, X. Chen, H. Deng, P. Verheyen, A. Ribeiro, U. Khan, N. Quack, K.B. Gylfason, Low-Power Electro-Optic Actuators for Large-Scale Programmable Photonic Circuits, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (invited), p.STh1Q.4 doi:10.1364/CLEO_SI.2021.STh1Q.4 (2021)  Download this Publication (2MB).
    39. K.B. Gylfason, P. Edinger, C. Errando-Herranz, A.Y. Takabayashi, H. Sattari, N. Quack, P. Verheyen, W. Bogaerts, Compact and low power silicon photonic components based on MEMS, SPIE Photonics West OPTO (invited), 11697, p.116970Y doi:10.1117/12.2582947 (2021).
    40. W. Bogaerts, Programmable Photonic Circuits for Linear Processing, Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE2021), p.11.2.2 (2021).
    41. H. Sattari, A.Y. Takabayashi, P. Edinger, P. Verheyen, K.B. Gylfason, W. Bogaerts, N. Quack, Low-Voltage Silicon Photonic MEMS Switch with Vertical Actuation, International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2021) , doi:10.1109/MEMS51782.2021.9375168 (2021)  Download this Publication (1.1MB).
    42. W. Bogaerts, X. Chen, I. Zand, M. Wang, H. Deng, L. Van Iseghem, A. Rahim, U. Khan, Tutorial: Programmable Integrated Photonics, European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (invited), p.paper Tu4B-1 (3 pages) doi:10.1109/ECOC48923.2020.9333192 (2020)  Download this Publication (611KB).
    43. W. Bogaerts, X. Chen, M. Wang, I. Zand, H. Deng, L. Van Iseghem, A. Ribeiro, A. Diaz Tormo , U. Khan, Programmable Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits, IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) (invited), Canada, p.ThD2.1 doi:10.1109/IPC47351.2020.9252475 (2020)  Download this Publication (2.4MB).
    44. W. Bogaerts, A. Rahim, X. Chen, L. Van Iseghem, H. Deng, M. Wang, I. Zand, A. Ribeiro, A. Diaz Tormo , U. Khan, Programmable Photonic Circuits: a flexible way of manipulating light on chips, Frontiers in Optics (invited), United States, doi:10.1364/FIO.2020.FTh1C.1 (2020)  Download this Publication (1.7MB).
    45. W. Bogaerts, Programmable Photonic Circuits, IC Industry Development Summit Forum (invited), China, (2020)  Download this Publication (237KB).
    46. W. Bogaerts, P. Edinger, A.Y. Takabayashi, I. Zand, X. Chen, H. Sattari, P. Verheyen, M. Jezzini, G. Talli, S. Kumar, M. Garcia-Porcel, A. Ribeiro, G. Jo, N. Quack, K. Gylfason, F. Niklaus, U. Khan, Building Large-Scale Programmable Photonic Circuits Using Silicon Photonics MEMS, OSA Advanced Photonics Congress - Photonics in Switching and Computing (invited), Canada, p.PsTh1F.1 doi:10.1364/PSC.2020.PsTh1F.1 (2020)  Download this Publication (663KB).
    47. L. Van Iseghem, U. Khan, P. Edinger, C. Errando-Herranz, A.Y. Takabayashi, H. Sattari, K.B. Gylfason, N. Quack, J. Beeckman, W. Bogaerts, Liquid crystal phase shifter integrated in a silicon photonics platform, European Conference on Integrated Optics, p.1.3 (2020)  Download this Publication (1.8MB).
    48. W. Bogaerts, H. Sattari, P. Edinger, A. Takabayashi, I. Zand, X. Wang, A. Ribeiro, M. Jezzini, C. Errando-Herranz, G. Talli, C. Lerma Arce, S. Kumar, M. Garcia, P. Verheyen, B. Abasahl, F. Niklaus, N. Quack, K. Gylfason, P. O'Brien, U. Khan, MORPHIC: Programmable Photonic Circuits enabled by Silicon Photonic MEMS, SPIE Photonics West - OPTO (invited), 11285, United States, p.1128503 doi:10.1117/12.2540934 (2020)  Download this Publication (11.6MB).
    49. W. Bogaerts, A. Ribeiro, M. Wang, L. Van Iseghem, H. Deng, I. Zand, X. Chen, U. Khan, Technologies for large-scale programmable photonic circuits, AOS Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT) and Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy (ACOLS) 2019 (invited), p.11200-55 (2019).
    50. X. Chen, W. Bogaerts, Building Graph-based Programming Strategies for Reconfigurable Photonic Circuits, Annual Symposium of the IEEE Photonics Society Benelux Chapter, Netherlands, p.1-4 (2019).
    51. X. Guo, T. Yin, Y. Liu, B. Morrison, C. Cantaloube, W. Bogaerts, B. Eggleton, D. Marpaung, A. Casas Bedoya, All-Integrated Universal RF Photonic Spectral Shaper, Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP), China, p.M4D.7 (postdeadline) (2019)  Download this Publication (1.9MB).
    52. I. Zand, B. Abasahl, W. Bogaerts, Intensity Spread Analysis of Programmable Photonic Circuits with Parasitics, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, United States, p.paper TuE2.2 doi:10.1109/PHOSST.2019.8794953 (2019)  Download this Publication (646KB).
    53. F. Laporte, J. Dambre, P. Bienstman, Photontorch: Simulation and Optimization of Large Photonic Circuits Using the Deep Learning Framework PyTorch, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, United States, p.paper WE1.2 doi:10.1109/phosst.2019.8794941 (2019)  Download this Publication (271KB).
    54. X. Chen, W. Bogaerts, A Graph-based Design and Programming Strategy for Reconfigurable Photonic Circuits, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM) , United States, p.paper ME2.2 (2 pages) doi:10.1109/PHOSST.2019.8795068 (2019)  Download this Publication (1.6MB).
    55. M. Wang, A. Ribeiro, Y. Xing, W. Bogaerts, Tolerant, Broadband Tunable 2x2 Coupler Circuit, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, United States, p.paper WE3.3 (2 pages) doi: 10.1109/PHOSST.2019.8794978 (2019)  Download this Publication (2.2MB).
    56. W. Bogaerts, D.A.B. Miller, J. Capmany, The New World of Programmable Photonics, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals (invited), United States, p.ME1.1 doi:10.1109/PHOSST.2019.8795032 (2019)  Download this Publication (3.6MB).
    57. U. Khan, B. Abasahl, I. Zand, N. Quack, K. Gylfason, M. Jezzini, H. Y. Hwang, M. A. G. Porcel, C. Lerma Arce, S. Kumar, W. Bogaerts, Generic Platform for Silicon Photonics based on MEMS Reconfigurable Photonic Integrated Circuits, Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) 2019 (invited), Italy, p.2271 (2019)  Download this Publication (557KB).
    58. A. Ribeiro, U. Khan, L. Van Iseghem, M. Wang, S. Declercq, W. Bogaerts, Driving and control techniques for large scale programmable photonics circuits, PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) (invited), Italy, p.2568 (2019)  Download this Publication (860KB).
    59. H. Deng, W. Bogaerts, Configurable Modulator for Pure Phase Modulation, Photonics North, Canada, p. PS-87  doi:10.1109/PN.2019.8819529 (2019)  Download this Publication (75KB).
    60. B. Abasahl, W. Bogaerts, Evaluation of Stability of Silicon-Photonics-Based Optical Switch Network Architectures against Parasitic Errors in Switch Elements, 21st European Conference on Integratred Optics (ECIO 2019), Belgium, p.Po1.1 (2019)  Download this Publication (925KB).
    61. N. Quack, H. Sattari, A.Y. Takabayashi, Y. Zhang, P. Edinger, C. Errando-Herranz, K. Gylfason, X. Wang, F. Niklaus, M. A. Jezzini, H.Y. Hwang, P. O'Brien, M.A.G. Porcel, C. Lerma Arce, S. Kumar, B. Abasahl, P. Verheyen, W. Bogaerts, Silicon Photonic MEMS: Exploiting Mechanics at the Nanoscale to Enhance Photonic Integrated Circuits, Optical Fiber Communication Conference (invited), United States, p.M2D.3 doi:10.1364/ofc.2019.m2d.3 (2019)  Download this Publication (447KB).
    62. B. Abasahl, I. Zand, C. Lerma Arce, S. Kumar, N. Quack, M. A. Jezzini, H. Y. Hwang, K. Gylfason, M. A. G. Porcel, W. Bogaerts, Towards Low-Power Reconfigurable Photonic ICs Based on MEMS Technology, Australian Institute of Physics Congress (invited), Australia, (2018).
    63. I. Zand, B. Abasahl, U. Khan, W. Bogaerts, Controlling parasitics in linear optical processors, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Symposium of the IEEE Photonics Benelux Chapter, Belgium, p.152-155 (2018)  Download this Publication (894KB).
    64. L. Van Iseghem, U. Khan, J. Beeckman, W. Bogaerts, On-chip beam shaping using lateral leakage, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Symposium of the IEEE Photonics Benelux Chapter, Belgium, p.136-139 (2018)  Download this Publication (711KB).
    65. U. Khan, W. Bogaerts, N. Quack, K.B. Gylfason , P. Verheyen, P. O'Brien, C.L. Arce, M. Garcia, The MORPHIC Project: Enabling large scale programmable photonic circuits using MEMS, Photonics Ireland Conference 2018 (invited), Ireland, p.We.J1.3 (2018)  Download this Publication (859KB).
    66. W. Bogaerts, Large-scale Programmable Silicon Photonics, European Conference on Integrated Optics (invited), 2018, Spain, p.We.3.A.1 (2018)  Download this Publication (318KB).
    67. A. Ribeiro, U. Khan, W. Bogaerts, Matrix Addressing Silicon Photonics Phase Shifters using Heaters with Integrated Diodes, European Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO, Spain, p.We.3.A.5. (2018)  Download this Publication (250KB).
    68. W. Bogaerts, Programmable photonic ICs: making optical devices more versatile, PIC International Conference (invited), Belgium, (2018)  Download this Publication (6.6MB).
    69. A. Ribeiro, W. Bogaerts, Thermo-optical Phase Shifter with Integrated Diodes for Multiplexed Control, The Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), United States, p.Th32.A.4 doi:10.1364/ofc.2018.th2a.4 (2018)  Download this Publication (3.8MB).
    70. A. Li, W. Bogaerts, A novel approach to create a tunable Fano resonance with an extinction ratio over 40dB, IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, Germany, p.27-28 doi:10.1109/GROUP4.2017.8082179 (2017)  Download this Publication (1.4MB).
    71. A. Li, Y. Xing, W. Bogaerts, An integrated tunable reflector, European Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO, Netherlands, p.paper W3.1 (2017)  Download this Publication (971KB).
    72. W. Bogaerts, Scaling Up Silicon Photonic Circuits: Where Are the Challenges?, International Workshop on Optical/Photonic Interconnects for Computing Systems (OPTICS Workshop) (invited), 3, Switzerland, (2017)  Download this Publication (275KB).
    73. A. Ribeiro, K. Miura, T. Spuesens, W. Bogaerts, Phase shift control with active feedback, Proceedings Symposium IEEE Photonics Society Benelux, Belgium, p.291-294 (2016)  Download this Publication (552KB).
    74. A. Ribeiro, A. Ruocco, L. Van Acker, W. Bogaerts, Demonstration of a4x4-port self-configuring universal linear optical component, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (invited), China, p.3372-3375 doi:10.1109/piers.2016.7735319 (2016)  Download this Publication (551KB).
    75. A. Ribeiro, K. Miura, T. Spuesens, W. Bogaerts, On-chip Differential Phase Monitoring with Balanced Photodiodes, IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, China, p.80-81 doi:10.1109/GROUP4.2016.7739079 (2016)  Download this Publication (3.9MB).
    76. W. Bogaerts, Challenges for Designing Large-scale Integrated Photonics, European Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO) / Workshop on Optical Waveguide Theory an Numerical Modeling (OWTNM) (invited), Poland, p.OWTNM-I-01 (2016)  Download this Publication (268KB).
    77. W. Bogaerts, Silicon Photonics: Designing for Complexity, HiPEAC Computing Systems Week (invited), Italy, (2015).
    78. A. Ribeiro, A. Ruocco, L. Van Acker, W. Bogaerts, Demonstration of a 4x4-port Universal Coupler, 12th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, Canada, p.PD5 (2015)  Download this Publication (1.1MB).
        National Conferences

      1. Mi Wang , Antonio Ribeiro, Yufei Xing, Wim Bogearts, Analysis of phase compensation method for the tunable coupler, IEEE Photonics Scociety Benelux Annual Symposium,Netherlands, (2020).

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